Alternative Fuel Impact on Kiln Performance

Quantifies the supplied LGF model impacts of water, ash, transport air and additional O₂ on kiln heat consumption, production capacity and main-firing flame temperature.

Heat consumption impact
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Production impact
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Flame temperature reduction
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Main-firing model
LGF thermal substitution
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Process impact map

Alternative fuelwater • ash • air • O₂ Kiln systemheat balance • gasesmain firing / secondary Heat consumptionProduction / capacity Main-firing flame temperature

Detailed calculation

Model equations

Δq = w×2.15 + a×1.10 + PA×FA_factor + ΔO₂×1.8%×q₀
For the supplied workbook, water and ash impacts are calculated from their mass per tonne LGF; transport air uses the kiln-specific false-air factor; O₂ after combustion increases kiln heat consumption by 1.8% per 1 percentage-point O₂.
LGF/clinker = LGF feedrate × 24 / clinker production
Substitution = CV_LGF × LGF feedrate / (q₀ × clinker production / 24)
ΔT_flame = (actual quantity / critical quantity) × critical temperature reduction
ΔCapacity = Σ(quantity of impact × production factor)

Engineering interpretation

Source-model limits and notes

  • The supplied study states that the model starts from heat consumption and derives other impacts logically. fileciteturn11file4L279-L298
  • The flame-temperature model is theoretical/relative and should be calibrated with plant experience; it is not an absolute measurable flame-temperature prediction. fileciteturn11file4L299-L324
  • Water, ash and false-air factors are kiln-type dependent; O₂ heat-consumption impact is 1.8% per 1% O₂ in the applicable cases. fileciteturn11file8L525-L587
  • The source gives the key water, false-air and O₂ impact factors and production factors by kiln type. fileciteturn11file9L614-L653
Calculation basis: supplied HGRS Low Grade Fuel Study / LGF IMPACTS workbook. The tool reproduces the supplied model; plant-specific combustion, burner, cooler, gas-handling and material-circulation effects require plant data or additional models.